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GEA 3001: Final Exam Study Guide – Final Update (4/12)

 

United Colors of Benetton?

  1. What did Cultural Geography used to do?   What is the emphasis on now?
  2. What, according to this lecture, is the basis of geography and what does this mean?  Will the Earth ever become homogenous?
  3. Is most variation in the human genome attributable to “race”?  
  4. What does “occularcentric” mean and what does it have to with why race seems to matter so much?   Is race “produced” and does it create difference on its own?
  5. Why was racism considered an “institution”?   What did Comte de Gonieau argue?   What does it mean that they thought of race as an independent variable?   If something is socially constructed, does it mean that it is without consequence?   Who is Edward Said?    What did Orientalism critique?   What did he show Orientalists were primarily concerned with?    What did he show about cultural domination? What was the so-called “white man’s burden”? (KNOW WELL)
  6. What was Eugenics?  Was it widely supported?  What ill actions did it lead to?
  7. What environmental attribute did geographers wrongly attempt to link to intelligence in the early 20th century?  Where were the “intelligent” people supposedly found?
  8. In the U.S., according to Gilmore, what replaced social justice (typified by the welfare state) in the late 1970’s/early 1980’s?   Why did the welfare state go away?   Why did prison populations grow?  Where are prisons located?   Who disproportionately makes up the prison population?   Do prisons have much of an effect on the local economy?
  9. What happened to racialized identities in the 1960’s?   How have Latinos changed the U.S. South?   Is racism confined to the U.S./Europe?    What is causing TNC’s to no longer have a “white face?”
  10. What can the globalized media make people feel about others?  What has happened to many folk practices?
  11. What is the “powerful idea” about the Other that typified the view of the beat poets?   How does “blackness” get represented in Italy?   What is Italian rap a hybrid of?    What elements did it carry over from American rap?

 

Gender! Age

  1. What is the difference between sex and gender? What is sexuality?  Has being on average less strong than men stopped women from farming, carrying water, gathering wood?   Do biological differences in average strength matter much in today’s economy?
  2. What is the difference between matrilineal and patrilineal societies (in inheritance, paying money for marriage, valuing women’s labor)?
  3. What are some issues covered in earlier classes (mentioned again this lecture) that have gendered aspects?  Can gender be looked at in isolation?
  4. What three areas of reproduction have women become increasingly associated with over recent centuries in many parts of the world?   What does colonialism have to do with the public private divide?   What is a culture of domesticity?  What economic level tends to practice the public private divide most strictly?
  5. What gender dominates work with non-regular contracts?   What type of labor are women associated with in Sub-Saharan Africa? (Know Well, w/ 6, 7, 8)
  6. Why are women often heavily involved in grassroots NGO/environmental movements? (Know Well, w/ 5 7, 8)
  7.   What happened as the market economy spread?  (Know Well, w/ 5, 6, 8)
  8. How has neo-liberalism impacted women?   What is the double day?  Are women migrating?   What has improved in recent years?    What have NGO’s and the Internet provided more of than governments/media ever did? (Know Well w/ 5,6, 7 – in other words, women and economic change)
  9. What was created in many cities during industrial capitalism for children and workers?   Why?   What happened to them in the 1970’s?  How have TV and Internet had an impact?   Is private funding important now?   So overall, what has the “move” been?
  10.   Why is aging a big deal for low population growth societies?   What adjustments will need to be made?   What are the “young old” and what can they contribute to society?   What are the old-old and what do they require?   What will happen to China in a few decades?

 

Those are some darn big cities!

  1. What is three reasons why “the Urban” an important object of analysis?
  2. Why did cities first grow in Europe?   Who came to cities and what outlet allowed urban growth in Europe to proceed in a semi-orderly fashion?
  3. In what part of the world do the majority of urban dwellers live?   Where have the largest cities been in 1000? 1900?  Today?
  4. What is at the center of an Islamic city?   East Asian Emperor’s City?    What are two reasons why are streets twisted and asymmetrical in traditional Islamic cities?
  5. Where were colonial cities built?  What are four functional districts they contained?
  6. What is an export processing city? What happened to small settlements in the Persian Gulf?
  7. What is a world city?   What does it emphasis about hierarchy and the role of cities vs. states?  What items are measured for inclusion on the World City list?   What are the Top Tier cities?  What is a global city and why are Miami and Dubai considered good examples (KNOW WELL).
  8. What is the countryside like in many countries and why do they come despite high urban unemployment?   What are cities unable to do?   Where do people squat?  What is a land invasion?   What are the shanties built out of?   What does there tend to be a lack of and what does it cause?
  9. What is two responses to governments have to shanty towns?   What happens if a slum is eliminated?   What happens if a neighborhood council forms?  What if given a little financial assistance?
  10. What is an informal economy?   What is underemployment?
  11.  What are four problems and three benefits of informal economies?
  12. What is garbage picking?  What is its environmental benefit?   Who/how is it done?
  13. How have people found ways to make money off traffic congestion?
  14. What is urban agriculture?     Why do many people start food vending?
  15. What is smuggling?   What are the two major reasons for it?   What are the most lucrative smuggled items besides guns and arms?    Where is much Egyptian and Greek heritage found?
  16. Why are crafts good for the local economy?   Why is corruption relatively common among government employees in poor countries?

 

A Snapshot of Tourism

1.    Is tourism and hospitality a major item of world trade?  Largest employer outside of farming?  Why is it a big topic in geography?

2.    Why does tourism invert the logic of economic location theory? What does this make tourism dependent upon?  What are the 4 “S”s ?

3.    What country receives the most international tourists?  What country is just starting to send large numbers of tourists for the first time?   Do many Americans travel internationally compared to Europeans?   Do all countries make international trips at the same rate?

4.    What is the Grand Tour?  What was it like in the 17th century?   What did it later get linked to and what was the effect of romanticism on it?   What in the 19th century changes that extends vacations to all?  What happened to seaside areas?   What is Thomas Cook?   How did it start?  What did it introduce in 1868?  1869? 1950’s? (KNOW WELL)   

5.    Why is tourism seen as a good choice for development?   What are some different bases for attractions?

6.     Why does becoming popular degrade a destination?  How does tourism change cultures? 

  1. What happens to prices once tourists come?    Are jobs year round?   Is it susceptible to economic downturns?  Instability?  Health crises?

8.    Is the airline industry dominated by first world companies?  Hotels?   Why have upstart airlines done well?   Why do a large percentage of hotel profits go outside the country?

9.    What is the difference between Tijuana, Acapulco, and Cancun’s histories of tourism?  Where do workers live in Cancun?

10. What is ecotourism?  Which country has had success with it? Why is it difficult to implement?

 

 

People Moving Around: Part 1

  1. What is the difference between internal migration, emigration, and immigration?
  2. What is the difference between the source of U.S. immigrants between 1846-1890, and 1890-1939?   What other countries received large numbers of immigrants during this time?
  3. What  are the new trends in migration since 1970?  Who is the largest sender now?   What two regions are U.S. immigrants mostly coming from?   How has immigration to Europe caused conflict?    Are migrants only male?

4.    What factors began to influence migration in the late 20th century?

5.    What is a guest worker?  Where are they most common?

6.    What are remittances?  Diaspora?  Chain Migration?

 

Manufactured Landscapes (That’s the name of the film)

1.    What types of goods are produced in the opening factory?

2.    What do you notice about many of the factor workers?  There supervisors?

3.    What is the major material shown been mined?

4.    What does the photographer say about his own work?

 

People Moving Around: Part 2

1.      What four countries receive the most remittances? What country is the largest source of remittances sent abroad?

2.      What is a refugee? Internally Displaced Person? Asylees? What three countries host the most refugees? Where do they come from? Does the US settle refugees?

  1. What does NRI stand for? What happened in the mid-19th century that caused the British to seek Indian labor? What did they do? Where did they go? What is a Brian drain? What business are Gujaratis dominant in in the United States? What is the wealthiest ethnic group in the U.S.? Who dominated South Asian food in Britain? Why is South Asian culture considered a hybrid culture? (Know well)
  2. When did Filipino migration to U.S. begin? What happened in California in the 1930’s? What caused Filipinos to emigrate after the 1960’s and why were they sought after? Since WWII are most migrants from the Philippines male or female? What advantages did the Philippines have? What is a care chain? What country has the largest number of overseas Filipinos?  (Whoops, never covered this).

 

Cultures Not Found in Yogurt 1& 2

1.      Is the United States the only country involved in cultural globalization?

2.      What special treatment do culture products get in trade agreements? What is the MPAA and what does it have to do with foreign policy?

3.      Why would Canada likely have very little media production without government support? What is “market failure”? What is the CBC? What did the government beginning in the 1960’s start doing to support media? What are broadcast quotas? What is cultural sovereignty? What medium has Canada had success in exporting and why?

1.      What has become the primary form of visual entertainment? When do families buy television? Outside the U.S., where does most television programming come from? Where is it bought? Who are the leading exporters? What does most of their programming end up as? Are there regional networks of programming? What is the advantages of dubbing? Of subtitling? (Know well, with 5, 6)

2.      What happened to television ownership between 1980 and 2000? What countries has the highest rates of ownership? What are reasons why countries with more than 50 sets per 1000 people highly impacted? (Know well, with 4,6)

3.      What type of television is cheapest to produce? What are three sub-genres of this type of television? (Know well, with 4,5)

4.      What is unique about Al Jazeera and why is most critical media located abroad in the Middle East?

5.      What type of shows make the most sucessful TV exports? What are the characteristics of American; British/Australian; Latin American; Egyptian Soap Operas?

6.      Why is animation a good format to internationalize, in terms of viewership and production? Do characters have the same personalities in different markets? Why has the U.S. been the toughest animation market to crack by foreign companies?

7.      What is the most concentrated in terms of ownership of all the cultural industries? How do these big companies stay fresh? What is the geography of the music industries? What does popular music everywhere manage to do? Do not answer – was not in lecture

8.      What have been Japan’s three C’s of cultural influence in Asia? What is the difference between Japanese and American cultural products? Has that kept Japan from being self-sufficient in terms of programming?

9.      What is Bollywood? Does it sell more tickets than Hollywood? Is it more profitable? What and where is parallel cinema? Are there other regional cinemas?

10.   What are some characteristics of Bollywood cinema? Are films funded by studios and how are they produced? Are most films musicals and why? What is playback singing? What is melodrama? What are some common themes? Are there many good roles for women? Are the audiences mostly male or female? Why does air conditioning influence films? Is kissing allowed? (Know well)

11.   What is the most viewed Indian film? Who is Amitabh Bachchan?

12.   What type of communities does the internet allow to form? Why are blogs important? How does the Internet work to maintain social networks? Does space play a role in the language of the internet?

13.   What is especially popular in South Korea? Where are many servers for the Internet found?

14.   What is the digital divide? What are the number one and number two countries in terms of Internet usage? Does the number 2 country still have room to add more users? What areas lag behind?

15.   Where are cell phone adoption rates the highest? Why will cell phones overtake land lines, especially in developing countries?

 

A Whole New World

  1. Explain seven remappings due to globalization (KNOW THIS ONE WELL)
  2. Is the nation state the primary/best way to address problems currently? Can individuals make a difference, and if so, how?
  3. What thwarts local decision making? Has globalization eliminated all scales below the global? What is the potential in this?