ZOO 3733L Syllabus;revised 05/01

COURSE SYLLABUS

ZOO 3733L - HUMAN GROSS ANATOMY LAB I

Anatomy of the Back, Thorax, Abdomen and Perineum

SUMMER B - 2002

INDEX
	COURSE DESCRIPTION
	TEXTBOOKS
	STAFF
	LABORATORY SCHEDULE
	ATTENDANCE
	EXAMINATIONS
	GRADING SCALE
	THE CADAVERA
	PROPER CARE OF THE CADAVERS
	LABORATORY POLICY
	ABOUT DISSECTION
	HOW TO STUDY ANATOMY

COURSE DESCRIPTION

The regional and functional anatomy of the human body. Each team of students will perform complete dissections of the eight regions of the human body in the following sequence: back; thorax; abdomen; perineum (partial); pectoral and pelvic limbs; neck and head. .Laboratory work will be implemented with osteological specimens, slides, models and X-rays. The lecture series has been designed to enliven the descriptive and topographic aspects of the lab work with such topics as:(1) the anatomical basis of physical diagnosis and therapy; (2) surface anatomy; (3) the evolution of the locomotor apparatus and its maladaptations;(4) the morphological bases of physiological and metabolic processes; (5) the natural history of the head; (6) glimpses into the history of anatomy with special attention to etymology and the acquisition of an anatomical vocabulary.

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TEXTBOOKS

1.		Esssential Anatomy Dissector
		John T. Hansen
		William & WIlkins (1998)
2.		Atlas of Human Anatomy, 2nd ed.
		Frank Netter
		Novartis (1998)
3. (opt.)		Grant's Atlas of Anatomy, 10th ed.
		A.M.. Agur & M.J. Lee (eds.)
		Williams & Wilkins (1999)

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STAFF

Faculty:
	Dr. Keith Condon	Dr. Robert M. George
	office: OE 244	office: OE 209
	phone: (305) 348-2604	phone: (305) 348-4028
	e-mail: condon@fiu.edu	e-mail: georger@fiu.edu

Graduate Assistant: Kalaiselvi Panneerselvam (e-mail: kpanne02@fiu.edu)

Lab Manager: Ferdinand Gomez (e-mail: fgomez01@fiu.edu)

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LABORATORY SCHEDULE N.B. The numbers in parentheses refer to the sections of the Dissector which will be covered in lab. The structures in each section for which you will be responsible are given in the Laboratory Dissections Lists which are posted on the FIU Anatomy Home Page.

DATE SUBJECT
May 6 Lab Introduction
May 7 Osteology of the Vertebral Column and Thorax (pp. 63-64)
May 8 Superficial Back (pp. 64-68)
May 9 Deep Back (pp. 68-69)
May 13 Suboccipital Region; Laminectomy (pp. 69-72)
May 14 Pectoral Region; Anterior Thoracic Wall (pp. 1-6)
May 15 Pleurae & Lungs (pp. 6-8)
May 16 Heart (pp. 9-15)
May 20 Posterior Mediastinum (pp. 15-16)
May 21 Superior Mediastinum (pp. 16-17)
May 22 REVIEW
May 23 PRACTICAL EXAM I
May 27 HOLIDAY
May 28 Anterior Abdominal Wall (pp. 19-22)
May 29 Scrotum and Testes (pp. 22-25)
May 30 Peritoneum and Peritoneal Cavity (pp. 26-29)
June 03 Bile Passages, Celiac Trunk, and Portal Vein (pp. 29-33)
June 04 Mesenteric Vessels (pp. 33-35)
June 05 Removal of the GI Tract (pp. 35-37)
June 06 Stomach, Spleen and Liver (pp. 37-39)
June 10 Posterior Abdominal Structures (pp. 39-42)
June 11 Posterior Abdominal Wall (pp. 42-45)
June 12 Pelvic Osteology (pp. 47-49)
June 13 Female Perineum (pp. 49-50; 51-54; 56-59)
June 17 Male Perineum (pp. 50-52; 54-55; 59-62)
June 18 REVIEW
June 19 REVIEW
June 20 PRACTICAL EXAM II

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ATTENDANCE

Attendance at all laboratory sessions is mandatory. Here the role will be taken. Failure to attend and participate in the laboratory will adversely affect your grade.

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EXAMINATIONS

There will be two lab practicals. These exams will consist entirly of the identification of dissected structures, bones and models. Each practicial will consist of 40 identifications. Clip boards are mandatory to take the practical.

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GRADING

A = 92 - 100
A = 90 - 91
B+ = 88 - 89
B = 82 - 87
B- = 80 - 81
C+ = 78 - 79
C = 72 - 77
C- = 70 - 71
D = 60 - 69
F = 0-59

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THE CADAVERA

FIU is one of a small number of universities that offers a human gross anatomy course for allied health students. This is a rare opportunity (and for most of you, the only opportunity) to study the internal structure of the human body. Savor this opportunity. Each of the cadavers you will be working with was donated by a sensitive, intelligent person who thought long and hard about the final disposition of his or her body. These people donated their bodies in the belief that their act of generosity would enhance the education of students deeply interested in helping humanity. This act of generosity deserves respect, a respect that must be maintained as you work and study. These stalwart people should never be treated as less than your patients or members of your own family. And never forget - they are your teachers. Your instructors are merely field guides through the maze of the human body - their bodies.
The following rules of conduct are mainly a matter of common sense, but they are listed below as a reminder:
1. Approach each dissection as a professional (i.e., be prepared and focused).
2. Work at developing your skills as dissectors. Dissection is NOT mutilation.
3. Take pride in your work and always respect your "silent teacher."
4. The dissection room does not have to be a morbid place to work and study. Instead, its atmosphere should be permeated with the constant thrill of discovery. Animated conversation should be an inevitable consequence. But not unruly.
5. Do not invite guests to the lab. However, outsiders with a legitimate scholarly interest are welcome, if arranged in advance with the faculty instructors.
6. Photographs are not allowed.
7. Inappropriate comments or actions made with reference to the cadaver will not be tolerated. This is grounds for dismissal.
8. Do not take any anatomical material outside of the laboratory. This constitutes a criminal offense.
9. Report infractions of any of the above to one of your instructors. Remember -- this is your lab and you are responsible for its proper operation and maintenance.
10. Lighten up and be happy! You are about to learn more in a shorter period of time than you ever have before. That's exciting, isn't it!

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PROPER CARE OF THE CADAVERS

All of the bodies are donations to medical science and have been prepared at the UM School of Medicine. When prepared by an anatomical embalmer they will last for a millennium with routine maintenance. The basic ingredients of most embalming solutions include the following: (1) formalin (preservative); (2) an alcohol (preservative); (3) propylene glycol (tissue softener); (4) phenol (fungicide to prevent the growth of mold). These solutions will kill every known pathogen including the AIDS virus. NOTE: Formaldehyde and phenol are known carcinogens but the concentration of these two compounds within the total fixative solution is low and well within safety limits. Phenol is also a powerful anesthetic and can cause numbness of the fingers. Latex gloves of surgical quality are therefore required. These you must provide. Chip in with you table mates and buy-them by the box.
When the bodies are delivered, they are placed in the tank tables in white zippered body bags. And from here on maintenance is simple. At the beginning of each lab period, the body will be raised and the region to be dissected exposed. At the end of the period, the bag will be cleaned, fluids removed, cuttings properly disposed of and the body will be sprayed with a moistening solution (embalming fluid minus the formaldehyde) from a plastic atomizer bottle. Try not to breathe in too much of the atomized mist. Zip up the bag. Lower the body. Close the tank. That's it.
At the end of the term, the bodies will be transported to the Florida Mortuary where they will be cremated. Some of the cremains will be returned to their families - some scattered over the Biscayne Bay.

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LABORATORY POLICY

1. Each student should wear a lab coat or surgical smock (scrub) while working in the laboratory. Students are responsible for keeping their lab coats and smocks clean in accordance with standards of professional conduct.
2. Latex surgical gloves must be worn when handling cadaveric material. Students are responsible for acquiring an adequate supply.
3. Baseball caps or similar head wear is unacceptable attire. This applies to the lecture hall as well as the laboratory. Such disrespectful informality is not permitted in medical schools and will not be permitted here.
4. No eating, drinking or smoking is permitted in the laboratories. Such activities may be hazardous to your health.
5. The dissecting table and its environs shall be maintained in a neat and orderly fashion pursuant to professional standards of cleanliness. Paper towels, cadaver remains, and fluids will not be allowed to accumulate on the table or floor. Small cadaver scraps are to be placed in the bucket provided to each dissection table. Paper waste goes in the receptacle next to the sinks. Sharp instruments, such as sscalpel blades, must be place in the containers on each sink marked for such instruments. You must NEVER mix these items. Sharp instruments in the waste paper receptacle pose a serious health hazard.
6. Skeletons, models, instruments, etc. are NOT to be removed from the laboratory! Skeletons are NOT to be disarticulated! Models must NOT be left disassembled! Instruments are to be cleaned and returned to their proper storage after use.
7. Any body parts, tissues, or prosthetic appliances found in the cadavers must NOT be removed from the laboratory. Violation of this rule is punishable by fine, jail sentence, or both AND failure of the course.
8. Wear name tags.
9. Do not block open the laboratory doors. If you are cold, put on more clothing! The lab is kept as cool as possible to reduce the volatility of the fluids and to retard microbial growth and corrosion. Opening the doors and letting in the moist, humid air of South Florida defeats all of these purposes and creates an unnecessary security risk as well.

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ABOUT DISSECTION

1. How to Dissect: Before the first day of actual dissection carefully read pages IX-X of your dissector. The techniques discussed will be demonstrated by your instructors in the lab.
2. Equipment: Professional dissections require professional instruments. It is only necessary to have two sets of instruments per tank table, one set per side. You can work out a cost-sharing arrangement with your colleagues. Most of these tools should be available at the FIU. Bookstore or you may wish to visit a surgical supply company. The following tools are highly recommended:
A. #4 scalpel handle
B. Box of #21 scalpel blades: 144 blades/box
C. Large scissors
D. Small pointed scissors
E. 6-inch blunt forceps (toothed)
F. Fine point forceps
G. Blunt probe
H. Hemostat
I. Vinyl instrument case or plastic box. Instruments should be storedin the tank.
3. Safety Tips: Ordinarily the gross anatomy lab is a safeenvironment. However, there are some hazards to avoid:
A. Never use a dull scalpel blade. Always put on a new blade when cuttingbecomes difficult.
B. Never remove a scalpel blade from its handle with your fingers; always use forceps. The same advice applies to putting on a new scalpel blade.
C. If you can, remove soft, gas-permeable contact lenses before entering lab. The lenses absorb and concentrate the noxious vapors emanating from the cadaver, leading to irritated eyes. Also, over time, the vapors can degrade the plastic of the lens.
D. Some people are very sensitive to the preservative fumes, to the extent that they get headaches, feel faint, or even pass out. If the fumes make you ill or otherwise impede learning, you may request one of the respirators that are available. This is a very rare event.
E. If you cut or puncture yourself with an instrument, seek first aid from an instructor or TA. A first aid kit is located outside of Room 139 (the model room).
F. If a small piece of tissue flies into your eye, go over to a sink and flush it out. Many of the compounds used in the perfusion solution or wetting solution are irritants, and at least one has been reported to induce cataracts. An eye-wash kit is located outside of Room 139.
G. Watch out for jagged edges of bone (e.g., cut ends of ribs). When using a saw, try to cut the bone clean through. Also try to trim off jagged edges with a bone cutter so that the risk of a cut or puncture is reduced. Wear goggles (provided).
H. Pregnant women may wish to speak to their physicians about possible hazards presented by the preservatives. As far as is known, none of the preservatives are mutagens.

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HOW TO STUDY ANATOMY

The most frequently asked question in gross anatomy courses is -- "How can I possibly learn all this stuff?" And the answer is disappointingly simple -- by daily study! The subject matter of anatomy is not particularly difficult, but there is a lot of it and students cannot afford to get behind. It is not possible to cram for anatomy exams. And contrary to popular belief anatomy cannot be mastered by rote memorization. Anatomy is one of the most logical of sciences and therefore must be "thought through". Facts quickly memorized are just as quickly forgotten. Facts understood will stay with you. While there are at least 1,786 different methods of studying (and learning!) anatomy the following 8 step method has been thoroughly tested and time proven to be a very successful approach. Try it - and if you don't like it, see one of your instructors early in the course so we can get you on the right track. Remember -- you can't afford to get behind.

1. BEFORE each lecture read or at least PREVIEW the suggested text and SYLLABUS/CLASS NOTES pages.
2. Focus on the study questions! Try to answer them before coming to class. They are the crux of the course. We will try to answer as many as time permits during the lecture but even if we miss a few you are still responsible for all of them . That is why God invented books!
3. The exam questions (multiple choice format) will be taken directly from the study questions. Which is to say -- you already have copies of both exams!!
4. PREVIEW the next day's topics. Preview, THINK, Review. Preview, THINK Review. Get the idea!
5. The same approach applies equally, if not more so, to the lab. BEFORE each lab read or at least preview the day's dissection in your dissection manual by referring to the designated plates in your atlas. In short, perform the dissection mentally ....
6. . . . before you perform it physically. Follow each day's instructions carefully and professionally. Never leave the lab before you have identified all of the designated structures. Your lab instructors will be delighted to check you out.
7. During each evenings study session REVIEW the day's dissection (and all preceding ones!) For the lab, your atlas is your very best friend. Get used to living with it. And sleep with it under your pillow (it will also ward off evil demons!).
8. Back to step #5. PREVIEW, THINK, REVIEW. Get the idea.

Return to Index

Return to FIU Anatomy Home Page

DATE		SUBJECT
May 6		Lab Introduction
May 7		Osteology of the Vertebral Column and Thorax (pp. 63-64)
May 8		Superficial Back (pp. 64-68)
May 9		Deep Back (pp. 68-69)
May 13		Suboccipital Region; Laminectomy (pp. 69-72)
May 14		Pectoral Region; Anterior Thoracic Wall (pp. 1-6)
May 15		Pleurae & Lungs (pp. 6-8)
May 16		Heart (pp. 9-15)
May 20		Posterior Mediastinum (pp. 15-16)
May 21		Superior Mediastinum (pp. 16-17)
May 22		REVIEW
May 23		PRACTICAL EXAM I
May 27		HOLIDAY
May 28		Anterior Abdominal Wall (pp. 19-22)
May 29		Scrotum and Testes (pp. 22-25)
May 30		Peritoneum and Peritoneal Cavity (pp. 26-29)
June 03		Bile Passages, Celiac Trunk, and Portal Vein (pp. 29-33)
June 04		Mesenteric Vessels (pp. 33-35)
June 05		Removal of the GI Tract (pp. 35-37)
June 06		Stomach, Spleen and Liver (pp. 37-39)
June 10		Posterior Abdominal Structures (pp. 39-42)
June 11		Posterior Abdominal Wall (pp. 42-45)
June 12		Pelvic Osteology (pp. 47-49)
June 13		Female Perineum (pp. 49-50; 51-54; 56-59)
June 17		Male Perineum (pp. 50-52; 54-55; 59-62)
June 18		REVIEW
June 19		REVIEW
June 20		PRACTICAL EXAM II

1.	Approach each dissection as a professional (i.e., be prepared and focused).
2.	Work at developing your skills as dissectors. Dissection is NOT mutilation.
3.	Take pride in your work and always respect your "silent teacher."
4.	The dissection room does not have to be a morbid place to work and study. Instead, its atmosphere should be permeated with the constant thrill of discovery. Animated conversation should be an inevitable consequence. But not unruly.
5.	Do not invite guests to the lab. However, outsiders with a legitimate scholarly interest are welcome, if arranged in advance with the faculty instructors.
6.	Photographs are not allowed.
7.	Inappropriate comments or actions made with reference to the cadaver will not be tolerated. This is grounds for dismissal.
8.	Do not take any anatomical material outside of the laboratory. This constitutes a criminal offense.
9.	Report infractions of any of the above to one of your instructors. Remember -- this is your lab and you are responsible for its proper operation and maintenance.
10.	Lighten up and be happy! You are about to learn more in a shorter period of time than you ever have before. That's exciting, isn't it!

1.	Each student should wear a lab coat or surgical smock (scrub) while working in the laboratory. Students are responsible for keeping their lab coats and smocks clean in accordance with standards of professional conduct.
2.	Latex surgical gloves must be worn when handling cadaveric material. Students are responsible for acquiring an adequate supply.
3.	Baseball caps or similar head wear is unacceptable attire. This applies to the lecture hall as well as the laboratory. Such disrespectful informality is not permitted in medical schools and will not be permitted here.
4.	No eating, drinking or smoking is permitted in the laboratories. Such activities may be hazardous to your health.
5.	The dissecting table and its environs shall be maintained in a neat and orderly fashion pursuant to professional standards of cleanliness. Paper towels, cadaver remains, and fluids will not be allowed to accumulate on the table or floor. Small cadaver scraps are to be placed in the bucket provided to each dissection table. Paper waste goes in the receptacle next to the sinks. Sharp instruments, such as sscalpel blades, must be place in the containers on each sink marked for such instruments. You must NEVER mix these items. Sharp instruments in the waste paper receptacle pose a serious health hazard.
6.	Skeletons, models, instruments, etc. are NOT to be removed from the laboratory! Skeletons are NOT to be disarticulated! Models must NOT be left disassembled! Instruments are to be cleaned and returned to their proper storage after use.
7.	Any body parts, tissues, or prosthetic appliances found in the cadavers must NOT be removed from the laboratory. Violation of this rule is punishable by fine, jail sentence, or both AND failure of the course.
8.	Wear name tags.
9.	Do not block open the laboratory doors. If you are cold, put on more clothing! The lab is kept as cool as possible to reduce the volatility of the fluids and to retard microbial growth and corrosion. Opening the doors and letting in the moist, humid air of South Florida defeats all of these purposes and creates an unnecessary security risk as well.

1.	How to Dissect: Before the first day of actual dissection carefully read pages IX-X of your dissector. The techniques discussed will be demonstrated by your instructors in the lab.
2.	Equipment: Professional dissections require professional instruments. It is only necessary to have two sets of instruments per tank table, one set per side. You can work out a cost-sharing arrangement with your colleagues. Most of these tools should be available at the FIU. Bookstore or you may wish to visit a surgical supply company. The following tools are highly recommended:
	A.	#4 scalpel handle
	B.	Box of #21 scalpel blades: 144 blades/box
	C.	Large scissors
	D.	Small pointed scissors
	E.	6-inch blunt forceps (toothed)
	F.	Fine point forceps
	G.	Blunt probe
	H.	Hemostat
	I.	Vinyl instrument case or plastic box. Instruments should be storedin the tank.
3.	Safety Tips: Ordinarily the gross anatomy lab is a safeenvironment. However, there are some hazards to avoid:
	A.	Never use a dull scalpel blade. Always put on a new blade when cuttingbecomes difficult.
	B.	Never remove a scalpel blade from its handle with your fingers; always use forceps. The same advice applies to putting on a new scalpel blade.
	C.	If you can, remove soft, gas-permeable contact lenses before entering lab. The lenses absorb and concentrate the noxious vapors emanating from the cadaver, leading to irritated eyes. Also, over time, the vapors can degrade the plastic of the lens.
	D.	Some people are very sensitive to the preservative fumes, to the extent that they get headaches, feel faint, or even pass out. If the fumes make you ill or otherwise impede learning, you may request one of the respirators that are available. This is a very rare event.
	E.	If you cut or puncture yourself with an instrument, seek first aid from an instructor or TA. A first aid kit is located outside of Room 139 (the model room).
	F.	If a small piece of tissue flies into your eye, go over to a sink and flush it out. Many of the compounds used in the perfusion solution or wetting solution are irritants, and at least one has been reported to induce cataracts. An eye-wash kit is located outside of Room 139.
	G.	Watch out for jagged edges of bone (e.g., cut ends of ribs). When using a saw, try to cut the bone clean through. Also try to trim off jagged edges with a bone cutter so that the risk of a cut or puncture is reduced. Wear goggles (provided).
	H.	Pregnant women may wish to speak to their physicians about possible hazards presented by the preservatives. As far as is known, none of the preservatives are mutagens.

1.	BEFORE each lecture read or at least PREVIEW the suggested text and SYLLABUS/CLASS NOTES pages.
2.	Focus on the study questions! Try to answer them before coming to class. They are the crux of the course. We will try to answer as many as time permits during the lecture but even if we miss a few you are still responsible for all of them . That is why God invented books!
3.	The exam questions (multiple choice format) will be taken directly from the study questions. Which is to say -- you already have copies of both exams!!
4.	PREVIEW the next day's topics. Preview, THINK, Review. Preview, THINK Review. Get the idea!
5.	The same approach applies equally, if not more so, to the lab. BEFORE each lab read or at least preview the day's dissection in your dissection manual by referring to the designated plates in your atlas. In short, perform the dissection mentally ....
6.	. . . before you perform it physically. Follow each day's instructions carefully and professionally. Never leave the lab before you have identified all of the designated structures. Your lab instructors will be delighted to check you out.
7.	During each evenings study session REVIEW the day's dissection (and all preceding ones!) For the lab, your atlas is your very best friend. Get used to living with it. And sleep with it under your pillow (it will also ward off evil demons!).
8.	Back to step #5. PREVIEW, THINK, REVIEW. Get the idea.