Lecture outline: 


Respiratory gas exchange
	diffusion
	air vs water
	the double bind of water breathers
	oxygen availability and altitude
		be able to compute the partial pressure of oxygen 
	

Adaptations for gas exchange
	Fick's Law
		mechanisms to increase surface area
		mechanisms to increase the concentation gradient
			decreasing or minimizing L (diffusion distance)
			increasing ventilation
			increasing perfusion

	insect tracheae
	fish gills
		surface area
		counter-current exchange
		diffusion distance
	birds
		parabronchi
		unidirectional airflow
		cross-current exchange
	mammals
		tidal breathing

Mammalian Lungs and gas exchange
	ventilation of lungs by means of pressure changes
		diaphragm

Blood transport of respiratory gases
	binding (saturation) of oxygen to hemoglobin is a function
		of the partial pressure of oxygen
	myoglobin - binds oxygen at lower partial pressures
	hemoglobin isoforms (e.g., fetal, llama)
	effect of pH on oxygen binding

N.B. The role of diphosphoglyceric acid on oxygen binding, carbon dioxide transport, and regulation of breathing will not be covered.

Topics not covered in lecture for which you will be responsible:

	None