CHAPTER 6.  RACE (SULLIVAN 2003)

I. Relationship b/ prejudice and discrimination:  Does prej always lead to discrim?

A.     Robert K. Merton typology:  prejudiced discriminator, nonprej nondiscrim,

Prejudiced non-discrimator:e.g. landlord;unpredjudiced discriminator: e.g., realtor

II. Sources of Prejudice and Discrimination:

A.     ethnocentrism: 

B.     competition:  >intense competition leads to >threatening each group becomes

a.      split labor market: Edna Bonicich (1972): >priced labors exclude

      <priced laborers, and racism/sexism serve as rationale

C.     socialization: grew up South > prej; >prej stay South than move

D.     institutionalized discrimination: no= treat from institutions;indep of individ

E.      psychological sources:

1. stereotyping: categorize, lump together, oversimplify

2. frustration-aggression: fail to realize goals may lead phys assaults

3. authoritarian personality: cynicism, fear of things that are different

III. African Americans in the United States

            A. Jim Crow system:legal sep races,white dom when fed troop leave South 1877

                        1. Plessy v. Ferguson (1986):  Supreme Court decision upholds apartheid

                        2. Brown v Board Educ (1954):overturn Plessy;sep no =;implement slow

B.     Improvement:

     1.black enroll:up 14X aft 1960;white just 5X;black 12% col stud v 6% ‘60

      2. blacks in professions: increase faster than whites

      3. black registration to vote: doubled

      4. holding elected office: increase 5X

      5. complete 4 yrs hi: 25+yrs 20% 1960 to 79% 2000;white go43%to 88%

            C.Stagnation:

                        1. ratio b/w income: little change .55(1960), up to  .61(1970s), .62 (1999)

                        2. poverty rate: fluctuated aft 1960 21/2-3X higher Anglos; 19.7 v. 9.9

                        3. aspirations: not cause; higher educ and occup aspirations than whites

IV. Hispanics: 12-13 % of pop; Mex (66.1% 2000), Puerto Ricans (@1/10),Cuban 4%

A.     Median fam income/non-Hisp Whites: .67 in 1975, .62 in 1999

V. American Indians: pop ¼ mil(1800s)from15th,16th cent, 1-10 mil N Am; 2.4 mil2000

            A. Policy conquest/removal: BIA in War Dept 1824; still manage 2.3% Am land

B.     Indian Citizenship Act 1924: not until then rights

C.     1968 Indian Civil Rights Act: extend Bill of Rights to tribal lands

VI. Asian Americans: 1820-1970 >mil immigrants but 3.7% immig;1981-1998 34%

A.     Chinese Exclusion Act 1882-WWII: ban immig, racist char as “yellow peril”

B.     Chinatown ghettoes: Chinese forced to live in, referred to as “coolies”

C.     Concentration Camps:  Japanese (most citizens) sent 1942-1945

D.    SES Today high: Chinese and Japanese above average for Americans

VII. Intergroup contact can reduce prejudice: if the conditions are right

            1. hi acquaintance potential: time/opportunit for intimate assoc,know each other

            2. = status contact: rather than low status minority interact hi status dom group

            3. combat stereotypes:  this is what behavior of minority should do

            4. no competition: cooperative and interdependent goals

            5. support legitimate authorities: also social norms of friendliness/respect