Chapter 11.  Marriage, Work, and Economics

I.  Work v. Fam: avg worker works 164 hrs/yr more (equiv 1 extra mo/yr) than in 1970

1.      Work spillover:effect work on other aspect life;employ f’s leisure no spontan

a.       Leisure: fitted in or planned around household work & paid work

b.      Advice:if part come home feel frus from work,permit withdraw temp

                                                                           i.      Adds to stress: responding w/ anger or list of own complaints

2.      roles conflict, strain, & overload: conf:compete,contradict,simult role expect

a.       strain:contradictory/incompatible;overload:>than can do comfortably

b.      self esteem effect:some research show individ w/ hi SE feel<role confl

c.       tendency work shift dif from partner: 51% w/ child <18

II. Fem in LF: 1. Sep work&fam:bef earl 19thcen,co-provider fams,f work alongside m

1.      race dif shrink: by late 1970s, employ rate white fem begin converge black

2.      >dram change:since ‘60,result dual-earn fam form;’98 46% LF;60% employ

3.      mar fem in LF:1960-1997, % @double:32% to 62%;>70% mar fem w/ child

4.      employ promotes health: <depressed/anxious,>healthy than nonemp

a.       cause:<econ hardship=<stress&emp fem get>domes support from part

b.      share housework: > fem earns relative to what partner earns,>likely

5.      handicap: if withdraw care child,<likely employ later& earn <than if stay LF

III.  The Familial division of Labor: Traditional, Dual-earning, and Nontrad Patterns

1.      at home moms:1997 only 28% w/ employed fathers vs. 64% both par employ

2.      eth dif:Asian/black>likely than white>likely black fem exclusive house tasks

3.      wage trend:down for male hi school/col grad;since ’73 men 25-34 down 25%

4.      Dual career v earner families: former both have hi Achieve orient,>gender =

5.      Fair D of L:>marital satis;husb vac/cook when fem home from work>flowers

a.       Key to marital success: in household where both spouses work

b.      Housew v childcare: husb prefer pleasant play child than scrub;not=

6.      Fem employment little effect: do twice as much housework;cohabit fem do<

a.       Effect of marriage: rather than living w/ a man, creates housekeeper

b.      Sex differential: fem devote >40hrs vs. men <11 hours;

c.       Proportion done by fem: 72% chores if work v 81% if not work

d.      Male perception: that they do more housework than actually do

e.       Increased fem income: does motivate more sharing of tasks

7.      Hochschild’s 2nd shift: fem work 15hrs>man=extra month/yr of 24-hr days

a.       % of Couples: = share chores 20%;70% men do 1/3-1/2;10%M <1/3

8.      Even when men do many hours house chores: tends to be trad male tasks

IV Marital power &working fem:working wives exert>power in home than nonemploy

            1.why fem no insist=chore:1cult norms 2fear conflict 3think husb no compentent

3.      role strain:constant for fem,bring$ home&still do chores;fem>adjust than m

4.      employ effect div: not conclusive,suggest rel;nontrad role&econ independent

a.       race dif: black fem not >likely to divorce if employ;husb trad accept

5.      effect on satis:employ shift from neg to neutral/even pos in recent years

6.      effect share chores satis:<risk divor;couples report happier;w/o regard ideol

V Atypical Dual Earners: one example shift couples: 1 spouse works 9-5 shift, other not

1.      frequency: @half cohabiting/married employed fem do dif shift;1/3 no choice

a.       many choose: for peace of mind and reduced costs of childcare

2.      role reversal: >million men;4.4% of 25mil couples w/child;no bad mar effect