Chapter 11. Marriage, Work, and Economics, part II (Lec. 22)

I.FAMILY ISSUES IN THE WORKPLACE

  1. Sex dif:1997,US fem make 74% men;discrim prohib by Title 7,‘64Civ Rights Act
  2. discrim not only cause:gap due occup dif,gender segregate,job interrupt for child
    1. male occup >earnings: 30-50% higher in trad male occup;CE0 v secy
  3. sexual harassment: as many as half of employed women during working years
    1. misinterp:by men of friendly as sex interest;men see m/f rel as adversarial
    2. quitting job:because sexual harassed—Gutek 1985: 9.1% fem,1% of men
  4. Avail childcare critical to employ: ’95 60% child<6yrs in non-parental childcare
  5. pre-school child%:dad/oth rel care 44%;21%non-relativ;29% organized day care
  6. extended fam important Latina, black: single moms dep on other adults in fam
  7. care in home decrease:in recent yrs,by relatives/baby-sitters;>1/2 outside home
    1. effect:profound dif in how child socialize; concerns may neg effect parent
  8. self-care:increased 1980s-1990s (as high as 7 million) to become major form care
    1. conflicting evidence: b/ studies on achievement,fear,self-esteem effects
  9. inflex work:no recognize family altered;as if every worker man w/ full-time wife
  10. Few use family-friendly policies (Hothschild):
    1. Part-time work:88% Fortune 500 firms offer, but 3-5% employee choose
    2. Flextime: 45% companies offer, but only 10% of employees use it
    3. Reason:rather work:appreciation,support,sense compent v. opposite home
  11. unemployment: if persists >year, dysfunct fam vulnerable to separation%divorce
    1. failure:  as workers may make men feel failed as husbands,dads, and men
    2. effects:possib emot withdrawal,spousal abuse,>alcohol intake,mar distress
    3. support may thin: of child/spouses if unemploy lasts&oth resources gone
    4. loss fem dif in degree&kind: work define successful mascul;fem iden oth
  12. Poverty: assoc w/ fam stress,>divor rate;depression;<life expect;fam dissolution
    1. Vulnerability:@1/4 US pop use welfare1 time or another;1/2 of children
    2. Causes:1. income:38% beg w/<earn head of househ due job loss/cut hrs

1.      also: decline in income other fam members (11%)

                                                             ii.      2.Fam composition:begin single par(11%) ;birth to single par(9%)

1.      Also: move of youth to his/her own household (15%)

    1. Duration:<if begin w/ decline in income than single parent/child birth
  1.  TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families): created by Welfare and

Medicaid Reform Act of 1996;Personal Responsibility &Work Opportunity Act

    1. replaces AFDC:sharply reduces period during which gov assist given
    2. limit: 5 years, consec or nonconsecutive, except battery or abuse, etc.
    3. requires: mandatory work
    4. one effect is reextension of the family: as many single moms enter LF,

grandparents, espec grandmoms, provide childcare

            1. frequency: #of child in grandpar care increased 50% in 10 yrs