Causes of the Holocaust

Part 1

I.2000 years of religious antisemitism?

A. Diaspora under Roman rule: after 3 major revolts, Rome destroys Judea, Jews fan out

1. Yet some emperors were pro-Jewish

B. Crusades: Jews must convert or be massacred: in 1099 Jews in Jerusalem burned alive

C. Black Death (1347-1350): 1 out of 3 Europeans die; Jews blamed and slaughtered

1. Not in Islamic Europe; only where image of “Christ killer” makes into a target

D. Spanish Inquisition: tries root out false Christian converts--many Jews flee to Poland

E. Pogroms in Russia/Poland begin Easter 1881;murder of Jews causes exodus 1880-1920

F. Reformation & religious pluralism: reduce anti-Semitism in W. Europe, not E. Europe

II.The Holocaust

A.Turning point for Jews of Europe--Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany on 1/30/33:

Would lead to death of 6 million Jews, managed/sanctioned by modern technocratic state.

B.Nuremberg Laws 1935: sex/marriage between Jews and non-Jewish Germans banned.

C. “Final Solution”: Nazi bureaucratic code for elimination of 2000 years of civilization

1. 2/3 of the world’s Jews live in Europe in 1939.

2.Death camps: use of Zyklon B gas and crematoria in Auschwitz.

3. Over 75% Jews killed in Hungary, Yugoslavia, Greece, Poland vs. 1% Denmark

III.Is Christianity the Cause?

A. Christianity initially seen as competing Jewish sect;must distinguish from parent religion

1. Competition: many converts to Christianity in turn converted to Judaism 

2. Mutual antagonism/intolerance results, much as in family feuds and civil wars

B. Christianity becomes official state religion under emperor Constantine:

1. Sets in motion 16 centuries of persecution

a. Pope Eugenius IV bans bathing, eating, living with Jews; special clothing

b.Pope Paul (1555) reinstates special clothing for Jews;uses as slave labor

c.Martin Luther, Of Jews and Their Lives (1543): antisemitic tract

C. Hitler refers to messianic mission in Mein Kampf

D. Jews do better in pagan times, in Roman empire, and in Moslem world

E.Yet(1) Jesus, apostles are Jews;Jews write 3 Gospels;(2)antisemitism decrease in West

IV.Real Cause: Secular Eugenics Movement with Colonial Ideology of Racial Superiority

A. “Race” is central doctrine in Mein Kampf--Jews seen more as a race than a religion

1.Aryans must prove themselves by conquering living space to the East

2.Jews seen as part of international Jewish conspiracy

B.Not only Jews targeted: partial exterminate Slavs (3,000,000 non-Jewish Poles, 3.3

million Russian prisoners of war); 250,000 Gypsies killed; gays; socialists; mentally ill.

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