key2011test1form2

Introduction to Marine Biology OCB 2003

Exam ONE __ ____________

Dr. Goldberg, Fall, 2011 PRINT FULL NAME

This is test version TWO

The percentage of students answering correctly is shown after the answer in parenthesis.

1. What is a Sverdrup?

c. a million cubic meters of water per second (69%)

2. The function of xylem and phloem in algae is a. produce gametes

e. none of these- algae lack xylem and phloem (33%)

3. The Straits of Gibraltar separate c. the Mediterranean from the north Atlantic (62%)

4. What happens when one tectonic plate slides under another?

b. A deep sea trench forms at the site, along with volcanic or earthquake activity (76%)

5. The typical concentration of salts in the blood plasma of marine mammals, humans, and marine fish is about a. 10‰ (67%)

6. Which of the following is NOT applicable to diatoms? a. two flagella (44%)

7. Which of the following is typically measured in microns? b. bacterial size (87%)

8. What does the term “carbon fixation” mean? c. the ability to turn gaseous or liquid CO₂ into organic form (51%)

9. What is an outstanding example of a very large structure made primarily from coccolith shells? d. the White Cliffs of Dover (67%)

10. Dinoflagellates that live symbiotically in cells of reef-building corals and other benthic animals are called d. zooxanthellae (44%)

11. What do “ocean outfalls” do c. they are places where sewage is dumped into the ocean (29%)

12. Which of the following water masses is characterized by high density and creeps into the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans?

b. Antarctic Bottom Water (56%)

13. Reproduction in diatoms is a. mostly asexual, followed by periodic sexual reproduction (64%)

14. Diatoms produce a skeleton made of a. silica (biological glass) (73%)

15. Which of the following ecological categories is NOT a heterotroph ?

b. an autotroph (80%)

16. The South Atlantic Gyre is constituted by four currents. Which of the following does NOT belong to that group? d. the Peru Current (44%)

17. Ciguatera and paralytic shellfish poisoning are two maladies that affect humans due to blooms of e. dinoflagellates (47%)

18. The deepest subduction zone in the world is the a. Mariana Trench (76%)

19. Which of the following is NOT true about prokaryotic cells? c. they have distinct chloroplasts, mitochondria and other membrane-bound structures (36%)

20. What happened to the North Indian Ocean Gyre? d. The subcontinent of India sticks out of Asia so that there is not enough North Indian Ocean to develop a gyre (38%)

21. Kelps are members of which algal division? c. Phaeophyta (40%)

22. Which of the following groups is responsible for the "red tide" phenomonon? Certain types of d. dinoflagellates (58%)

23. Which of the following is NOT true about cyanobacteria? a. they consist of eukaryotic cells (16%)

24. All scientific hypotheses must be b. falsifiable by further experiments (73%)

25. The term "plankton" refers to c. organisms that float or drift in ocean currents (69%)

26. When light penetrates water it naturally decreases in intensity with depth. At which depth (approximately would you likely find the bottom of the biological photic zone? b. 100 meters or less (58%)

27. What is the function of the mitochondria? a. energy center of the cell where respiration (production of CO₂) occurs and glucose is consumed (67%)

28. Which of the following ia a phycocolloid that comes from red algae?

c. carrageenan (36%)

29. What is the haploid number? d. the number of chromosomes in the nucleus of an egg or sperm (51%)

30. The massive accumulation of plastic and other non-biodegradable debris called the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch is located where?

b. in the center of the North Pacific Gyre (60%)

31. Gametes that are designated as “+” and “-“ isogametes instead of male and female are typical of which group of marine plants? a. green algae (33%)

32. Which of the following groups (kingdoms) is composed of prokaryotic cells? e. c and d only (53%)

33. Which of the following statements is NOT typical of oceans ?

d. They have considerably restricted circulation to and from other oceans (76%)

34. Which body of water has a mid-ocean spreading center in it and is thus getting bigger? b. Atlantic (82%)

35. What does the term "organic" mean to a scientist?

c. a complex chemical substance made primarily out of carbon (58%)

36. The following are cold currents- they have their origin near the poles, EXCEPT which one? b. The Kuroshio Current (18%)

37. Which of the following salts is the most conspicuous component of sea salt (after the water is evaporated)? c) sodium chloride (64%)

38. The Sargasso Sea is located where, and is named after what? b. in the center of the North Atlantic Gyre; algae in the genus Sargassum (69%)

39. The temperature of maximum density of fresh water is 4^o C. Further cooling to 0^o C causes it to freeze. What does this tell you?

c. the dense water sinks to the bottom and the less dense, but cooler water freezes at the top (69%)

40. Lets add enough salt to get seawater. What happens to seawater when you cool it to zero? [hint: this question is asking you about the freezing point of seawater] b. it becomes denser and sinks below the surface (53%)

41. The layer of water beneath the mixed layer is a zone of rapid temperature change called the a. thermocline (64%)

42. During photosynthesis (as opposed to respiration), all plants use light energy and ________ to produce ________ and _________

a. use carbon dioxide, produce organic matter and oxygen (84%)

43. When does the actual process of fertilization take place? d. When the sperm and egg nuclei fuse (64%)

44. Find the correct statement about the Coriolis effect and toilets in Australia.

d. The Coriolis force does not affect toilet-sized volumes of water (56%)

45. Sills and straits are usually associated with c. separation of seas from oceans

( 76%)

The following questions pertain to the map:

46. The body of water depicted as number 1 is c. the Mediterranean Sea (55%)

47. The body of water depicted as number 2 is a. the Black Sea (19%)

48. The body of water depicted as number 3 is b. the Caspian Sea (47%)

49. The body of water depicted as number 4 is e. the Red Sea (42%)

50. The body of water depicted as number 5 is d. the Persian Gulf (42%)

5 EXTRA CREDIT Points:

1) There are three seas shown that are hypersaline compared to normal seawater. Which are they? 2) There are likewise two seas that are hyposaline. Which ones?

Write your answers here. Use names, not numbers.

ANSWERS HYPO: Med, Red & PG. I also accepted Dead, but you cannot see it on this map. HYPO: Black & Caspian