Introduction to Marine Biology ________________________
OCB 2003 Test 2, 31 October, 2011 Name
Happy
Halloween Test
version #2
1) The
Portuguese man-o-war is best characterized as
b. a floating hydrozoan colony
with different kinds of polyps 64%
2) An eye with
a well-developed lens, cornea and retina is found in which group of cnidarians? c. cubozoans 42%
3)
In parrotfishes and certain other types of schooling
reef fish the males are distinguished from the females by bright colors,
larger size and often by a different shape. If the male is removed what
will happen to the rest of the school?
e.
The larger of the females will become a male. 86%
4)
What is the function of a swim bladder?
b. it stores
oxygen for buoyancy regulation 81%
5) What is most
unusual about cone snails?
a. the radular tooth and its venom 33%
6) Which of
the following forms rhizomes that link vertical growth closely together
and stabilize the bottom? b. seagrasses 81%
7) Which of
the following is NOT true about anemonefishes like the one
in finding Nemo? a) they are males or females and
are not hermaphrodites 56%
8) What is the
function of a notochord in embryonic vertebrates? b. it supports the dorsal nerve
chord 39%
9) placoid scales are typical of ___________
and likely gave rise to ___________
c. cartilagenous fishes, teeth 47%
10) If a sponge lacked collar cells it would be unable to b. pump water 61%
11) What are the two things that normally stick out of a bivalve shell
a. the foot and the siphons 81%
12) In a
bilaterally symmetrical organism, which of the following sides would not
be applicable? e. oral 44%
13) The specialized tissue used to produce the shell in molluscs is the
a. mantle 58%
14) Which group
of organisms often lives with large numbers of symbiotic bacteria, which
in turn makes chemical compounds that make them distasteful?
d. sponges 47%
15) What is bycatch? d. fish that
are unintentionally caught and discarded 94%
16) Which
of the following is often used for operant conditioning experiments?
a. octopuses 66%
17) If a
species is hermaphroditic, which of the following is CANNOT be true?
d. it can produce eggs or sperm, but not both during its lifetime 28%
18) In
the Linnaean binomial system of classification, which group occurs above
a family, but below a class? d. an order 89%
19) Which of
the following is NOT found in sharks?
a. swim bladder 67%
20) A specialized
type of pharyngeal jaw is found in _________ and ____________ its food b. moray eels, grabs and bites 67%
21)
When a can of tuna is marked “dolphin safe” it allegedly means that
d. fishermen let
the dolphins out of the nets before bringing the tuna aboard 64%
22)
Which one of the following is TRUE about marine sponges?
b. they do
not have a nervous system 75%
23)
All gastropod molluscs undergo torsion to
at least some degree. This means that d. the right gill and other structures are lost or reduced
and flipped onto the left side 56%
24) Which
of the following molluscs are suspension feeders
and do NOT have and do not feed using a radula?
a. bivalves 42%
25) If a fish
has closely set, long gill rakers, what does
that tell you about it? e. it is a plankton feeder 58%
26) A coral
or other type of animal that forms a colony composed of many individuals
does so by which means?
d. asexual division of individual members of the colony that
does involve either eggs or sperm 64%
27) Which type
of cell is responsible for food capture by sponges?
b. collar cell 72%
28)
Which of the following is NOT true about fungi? e. an important group of photosynthetic
organisms 81%
29) What happens
to cownose rays and their scallop (bivalve) prey
when the apex predator, the blacktip shark population
is diminished? c) in the
absence of predation, the ray population increases at the expense of the
scallops 81%
30) Most shark
attacks that have been recorded since records have been kept, have occurred
in c. Florida 86%
31) Mangrove
communities below the water rely on what to power their food chains?
a. leaf fall and detritus from leaf decomposition 75%
32) Byssus (byssal) threads are associated
with what? c. sessile bivalves 58%
33)
Chilean seabass, orange roughies, bluefin tuna
and the Atlantic cod all have something in common. What is it? They all e.
represent overfished or collapsed fisheries 86%
34)
What are natural pearls in molluscs? a. concentric layers of flat carbonate crystals, usually deposited
around a parasite 61%
35)
The chambered nautilus is what? d. a shelled cephalopod 61%
36)
Coral bleaching refers to what? d. loss of zooxanthellae under
unfavorable environmental conditions 75%
37)
A planula larva is typical of which group? b. cnidarians 42%
38) What do
whale sharks and basking sharks feed on? d. plankton 86%
39) A nasty beak-like radula is
typical of c.
cephalopods 64%
40) When sponge amoebocytes recognize themselves in a Petri dish they
a. coalesce and form complete new sponges asexually 64%
41)
Most of the body of a skate or ray consists of flattened and enlarged
b. pectoral fins 78%
42) A Japanese
entrepreneur by the name of Mikimoto is best
known for being the father of b. the cultured
pearl industry 89%
43) Which of
the following is NOT true about nudibranchs? e. all of
these are true 28%
44)
Which of the following groups of cnidarians NEVER has a medusa as part
of its life history?
d. anthozoans like
corals and sea anemones 61%
45)
Hermaphrodites that combat each other with penis-like structures are found
in which group?
d) flatworms 61%
46)
Which of the following is NOT true about the northern bluefin tuna? d) they are sustainably
fished 78%
47)
Unlike most bony fish what do most female sharks do with their eggs?
b. retain and
fertilize eggs internally where they are nourished by their own yolk or
by contributions from the female 83%
48) What often lies outside of all Exclusive Economic Zones? a. migratory pelagic fishes 50%
49)
Most molluscs have an “open” circulatory system,
but some of them are completely closed and have both systemic as well as
accessory (gill) hearts. Which group is this? a) most cephalopods 58%
50) If two species
within the same genus have different scientific names, what is the implication? d. they probably do not interbreed 69%
Extra credit: Answer below for 5 points
I appreciate
complete sentences with a little detail more than phrases with arrows pointing
to them, or answers that are written in the margins microscopically.
1) What is
the difference between chitin and chiton?
A chiton is a type of mollusk with 8 overlapping shell plates,
whereas chitin is a structural polysaccharide (or words to that effect).
Answers such as: A chiton is an “organism” is
too vague for full credit, and “chitin is its shell” is incorrect. The radula is made of chitin in all molluscs,
but the shell is made of calcium carbonate (limestone).
2) What is
an incomplete gut, and give an example of something that has one.
An animal
that has a mouth for food input and an anus for food exit has a complete
gut. Cnidarians and flatworms have incomplete digestive tracts- the way
in (the mouth) is the same as the way out.
3) What is
a social hermaphrodite? Give an example.
A hermaphrodite
that changes sex because of population influences (e.g., relatively small
numbers, or no members of the opposite sex) is a social hermaphrodite,
as opposed to one that changes sex sequentially regardless of social circumstances.
Most parrotfishes are social hermaphrodites. Anemonefishes also
qualify.