Introduction to Marine Biology OCB 2003

Exam 3, 30 November, 2011                                                                                                                                                                                                   _____________         

Dr. Goldberg, Fall, 2011                                            

                                                                                                Test Form 2

 

Percent of students answering correctly is shown in prenthesis

 

1) Fish that are countershaded are typical of which zone?  a. the Epipelagic  (55%)

 

2) Which of the following is apparently true about the evolution of modern whales?

c. all whales form teeth during development, suggesting that all came form toothed ancestors (75%)

 

3) What can Antarctic Weddell seals do that other seals cannot?   c. eat other seals   (63%)

4) What is so special about Antarctic ice fish? e. they have antifreeze proteins in their blood  (90%)

 

5) The capture of the anchoveta is a major factor in the economy of Peru and makes them one of the most productive fishing nations in the world (see the extra credit section below). What do they do with most of those fish?  e. press them to extract their oils and  dry them for poultry feed  (68%)

 

6) Which of the following is NOT found in sperm whales?

e. all of these are found in sperm whales  (55%)

 

7) Bioluminescence is typical of many deep pelagic fish, crustaceans and squids. Which of the following is NOT a function of bioluminescence?

 e. lighting their way along the bottom so they can see where they are going  (63%)

 

8) The outer boundary of the Southern Ocean is defined by

a. the Subtropical Convergence at about 40^o south latitude    (43%)

 

9) Which of the following is NOT true about zooxanthellae     d. they slow down the process of skeletal calcification  (55%)

 

10) The reefs in Kaneohe Bay (Hawaii) were severely affected by  a. eutrophication and algal growth  (47%)

 

11) Which of the following is NOT true about the Great Barrier Reef? c. its outer reefs forms a continuous, impenetrable barrier to incoming ocean water  (35%)

 

12) Boring sponges, clams, and strong-jawed fishes like certain parrotfishes are all what? b. in a group called bioeroders   (68%)

 

13) Which of the following whales is NOT a baleen whale species?   

b. white beluga whale  (55%)

 

 

14) The Peruvian anchoveta fishery depends on upwelling of nutrient elements. Taking both the Coriolis effect and the Ekman spiral into account, which of the following wind scenarios will produce the most effective upwelling in Peru?   a. wind parallel to the coast in the same direction as the current   (52%)

 

15) The structurally simplest and most common type of coral reefs around the world are 

 

d. fringing reefs   (70%)

 

 

16) Giant hydrothermal vent tubeworms in the genus Riftia lack a   

 d. digestive system   (47%)

 

17) What is a cropper?   

b. an animal like many on the deep sea bottom that are both scavengers and predators (52%)

 

18) I have flabby, watery muscles, decreased skeletal calcification and tiny eyes,

I attract you to my mouth with my bioluminescent ilicium, but I do not need you to reproduce because I have a few parasitic males that are permanently attached to me. I am

b. anglerfish in the Bathypelagic Zone    (60%)

 

19) Emperor penguins and Weddell seals are two examples of organisms that  b. stay on the Antarctic ice shelf or the continent during the winter   (57%)

20) The windward side of a barrier reef or atoll   a. usually has islands and is well cemented   (63%)

 

21) What does NOT happen during an ENSO event?

e. all of these happen  (70%)

 

22) Charles Darwin was the first scientist to propose that fringing reefs, barrier reefs and atolls on islands were all related, an hypothesis proved to be true (at least on tropical Pacific islands) only after his death. What was his hypothesis?    b. that they formed in sequence with atoll as the last stage   (57%)

 

23) Bacteria thriving around deep-sea hydrothermal vents are 

 

e. chemosynthetic  (75%)

 

 

24) What do crabeater seals in the Antarctic feed on?   c) krill    (80%)

 

25) “Whitecoats” are the names given to baby ______ 300,000 of which are legally clubbed to death in Canada each year.    d. harp seals   (90%)

 

26) Certain types of seals have external ears and can turn their rear flippers forward to help them move about on land (or in amusement parks). An example of these would be the   d. sea lions (63%)

 

27) The main reason why whales were hunted by the United States was

c. for their blubber   (85%)

 

28) What is the most frequently captured whale species by those countries engaged in whaling?

a. minke     (55%)

 

29) Scleractinians are    c. reef corals   (60%)

 

30) What do beluga whales, narwhals and walruses have in common?  They are    b. only found in the Arctic    (47%)

 

31) The coral triangle is the most diverse (species rich) coral reef area in the world. Where is it?

e. an area around the Philippines, Indonesia and New Guinea in the western Pacific  (68%)

 

32) The reef crest is often composed of   a. coralline red algae (38%)

 

 

33) Which of the following statements is NOT true about lanternfish and hatchetfish?

 d. they are demersal  (22%)

 

34) Darwinian atolls are those that    c. grow on slowly subsiding volcanic islands (80%)

 

35) The biggest of the manatees is Steller’s sea cow.  Where can you find these today?

e. you can’t- they are extinct  (75%)

 

36) The dugong is  e. all of these  (88%)

 

37) Which of the following are nations that give themselves a quota for whale hunting every year?   a. Japan, Iceland and Norway   (88%)

 

38) What is the predominant food of Antarctic krill? c. diatoms and other phytoplankton   (63%)

39) Most atolls are found in the

a. West and Central Pacific region   (57%)

 

40) The Essex was a sailing vessel that  d. was rammed and sunk by an angry sperm whale   (82%)

 

41) If a deep sea fish lives at a depth of 3000 m it is going to be cold (~1^o C), permanently dark, and there will be considerable pressure on it. What is the approximate pressure in lbs per in² at that depth?    c. about 4,500 lbs   (43%)

 

42) Which of the following is NOT true about Antarctic krill? e. they are primary producers   (55%)

 

43) The largest fish catches in the world in terms of weight are those of 

 

b.  anchovetas   (68%)

 

 

44) Where would you expect to find gulper eels, black anglerfishes, dragonfishes and viperfishes?   c. the Bathypelagic zone   (63%)

 

45) DNA barcoding is able to distinguish species differences, especially among vertebrates. Which DNA is used for this? DNA from    b. the mitochondria   (65%)

 

46) Anchoveta are able to extract food by    c. filtering with their gill rakers  (73%)

 

47) Luciferin is an unusual chemical that is associated with what?

d. photophores   (45%)

 

48) When the Kuroshio meets the Oyashio, what happens?

a. the mixed waters sink and cause upwelling in the Bering Sea  (70%)

 

49) About 75% of all the water in the ocean is contained in this pelagic zone. Which one is it?   c. the Bathypelagic  (43%)

 

50) El Niño is more commonly referred to as El Niño Southern Oscillation or ENSO for short. What does the “oscillation” refer to?   a. a la Niña cold period that often follows el Niño  (13%)

 

Extra credit (5 points): Please note if you want extra credit: Use complete sentences, not little phrases. Do not write horizontally or at an angle in the margins. Do not write microscopically. Do not write your answers between the questions. Do not make me work to figure out what you mean. Use examples where appropriate. Use the space on the back of this page.  #1 What is convergent upwelling? (2 points).         #2 What is meant by primary and secondary productivity? (3 points- no more than 5 sentences please). 

See test 3 form 1 for answers