The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary

The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

Biographical Dictionary
[Antipope] Pope Victor IV (1159-1164)
Pseudocardinal deacons

(11) 1. LANDO (?-1180)

Birth. (No date found), Sezze, Latina province. Of a an old Lombard family. He is also listed as Landus Sitinus, Lando Sitino, Landone Sitino, Lanzo di Sezze and Lando da Sezze.

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria immediately after the election of Antipope Victor IV in 1159. Subscribed papal bulls issued between February 15, 1160 and 1163. He probably did not participate in the election of Antipope Paschal III on April 22, 1164. He adhered himself to Antipopes Paschal III and Callistus III and subscribed their bulls issued between April 13, 1166 and February 26, 1168; and one on April 15, 1172.

Antipapacy. Proclaimed antipope on September 29, 1179, Rome, by a few schismatic cardinals and feudal barons of Campagna Romana; Pope Alexander III had been forced by hostile citizens to leave in the summer. Took the name Innocent III. Among Innocent's followers was a knight, who was a brother of Antipope Victor IV; the knight had given Innocent a fortified tower between Palombara and Rome, which served as a permanent seat during his brief reign. Pope Alexander III consulted with his cardinals and sent Cardinal Ugo Pierleoni to negotiate with the knight, who in return for a large sum turned over the tower to him together with the antipope and his small entourage; captured in January 1180, he was deposed and sentenced by the pope to life imprisonment at the Benedictine monastery of SS. Trinità, La Cava with his companions.

Death. Some months after his imprisonment, monastery of SS. Trinità, La Cava. Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Brixius, Johannes Matthias. Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130-1181. Berlin : R. Trenkel, 1912, p. 68, no.13; Caciorgna, Maria Teresa. "Innocenzo III, antipapa." Enciclopedia dei papi. 3 vols. Roma : Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana, 2000, II. 305-307; Del Re, Niccolò. "Innocenzo III, antipapa." Mondo vaticano. Passato e presente. Città del Vaticano : Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1995, p. 607-608; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1928. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 150; Kelly, John Norman Davidson. The Oxford Dictionary of Popes. Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 1986, p. 180; Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab conditio Ecclesia. Ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1956. 2 v. Reprint. Originally published : Lipsiae : Veit et comp., 1885-1888. Original t.p. included : Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita ecclesia : ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Editionem secundam correctam et auctam edidit Philippus Jaffè ; auspiciis Gulielmi Wattenbach; curaverunt S. Loewenfeld, F. Kaltenbrunner, P. Ewald, II, 418, 426 and 429.

Link. Biography, in English (Britannica); biographical entry, in German; and biographical entry, in Italian.

(12) 2. GIOVANNI (?-ca. 1161)

Birth. (No date or place found).

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon of S. Maria in Aquiro. Subscribed papal bulls issued between February 15 and March 2, 1160.

Death. Ca. 1161, (no place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Brixius, Johannes Matthias. Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130-1181. Berlin : R. Trenkel, 1912, p. 68, no. 12; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1928. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 150; Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab conditio Ecclesia. Ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1956. 2 v. Reprint. Originally published : Lipsiae : Veit et comp., 1885-1888. Original t.p. included : Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita ecclesia : ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Editionem secundam correctam et auctam edidit Philippus Jaffè ; auspiciis Gulielmi Wattenbach; curaverunt S. Loewenfeld, F. Kaltenbrunner, P. Ewald, II, 418.

(13) 3. BERARDO (?-?)

Birth. (No date or place found). His name is also listed as Bernardo.

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal deacon of Ss. Sergio e Bacco. Subscribed papal bulls issued between February 15, 1160 and July 25, 1161. He adhered himself to Antipope Victor IV and subscribed bulls issued on April 14 and 18, 1164. Participated in the election of Antipope Paschal III on April 22, 1164.

Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Brixius, Johannes Matthias. Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130-1181. Berlin : R. Trenkel, 1912, p. 67, no. 3; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1928. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 150; Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab conditio Ecclesia. Ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1956. 2 v. Reprint. Originally published : Lipsiae : Veit et comp., 1885-1888. Original t.p. included : Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita ecclesia : ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Editionem secundam correctam et auctam edidit Philippus Jaffè ; auspiciis Gulielmi Wattenbach; curaverunt S. Loewenfeld, F. Kaltenbrunner, P. Ewald, II, 418.

(14) 4. GERARDO (?-?)

Birth. (No date or place found).

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal deacon; his deaconry is not known. Subscribed papal bulls issued between November 19, 1160 and June 9, 1161.

Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1928. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 150; Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab conditio Ecclesia. Ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1956. 2 v. Reprint. Originally published : Lipsiae : Veit et comp., 1885-1888. Original t.p. included : Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita ecclesia : ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Editionem secundam correctam et auctam edidit Philippus Jaffè ; auspiciis Gulielmi Wattenbach; curaverunt S. Loewenfeld, F. Kaltenbrunner, P. Ewald, II, 418.

(15) 5. AICARDO (?-?)

Birth. (No date found), Parma. Of an aristocratic family. He is also listed as Aicardo da Cornazzano.

Education. (No information found).

Early life. Provost of the cathedral chapter of Parma from 1145.

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal deacon on December 29, 1160; his deaconry is not known. Subscribed a papal bull issued on December 29, 1160.

Episcopate. Named bishop of Parma in August 1163 (1); he was an intruding bishop and was expelled in 1167. Opted for the order of cardinal priests in 1164. He was noted in Parma on March 15 and May 6, 1164, where he had served as podesta of the city. He did not participate in the election of Antipope Paschal III on April 22, 1164. Provost of the cathedral chapter of Parma again in 1178.

Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Brixius, Johannes Matthias. Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130-1181. Berlin : R. Trenkel, 1912, p. 67, no. 1; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1928. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 150; Gams, Pius Bonifatius. Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae. 3 v. in 1. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1957, p. 745; Ganzer, Klaus. Die entwicklung des auswärtigen kardinalats im hohen mittelater ; ein beitrag zur geschichte des kardinalkollegiums vom 11.bis 13. jahrhundert. Tügingen : Niemeyer, 1963, p. 132-133 no. 54; Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab conditio Ecclesia. Ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1956. 2 v. Reprint. Originally published : Lipsiae : Veit et comp., 1885-1888. Original t.p. included : Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita ecclesia : ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Editionem secundam correctam et auctam edidit Philippus Jaffè ; auspiciis Gulielmi Wattenbach; curaverunt S. Loewenfeld, F. Kaltenbrunner, P. Ewald, II, 418.

(1) This is according to Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae, p. 745. Brixius, Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130-1181, p. 67, no. 1, says that he was named in 1162.

(16) 6. GERARDO (?-?)

Birth. (No date or place found).

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro. Subscribed papal bulls issued between July 13 and October 27, 1162. He adhered himself to Antipope Victor IV and subscribed bulls issued on April 14 and 18, 1164. Participated in the election of Antipope Paschal III on April 22, 1164.

Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).

(17) 7. GERARDO (?-?)

Birth. (No date or place found).

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal deacon of S. Maria in Aquiro. Subscribed papal bulls issued between July 13, 1162 and 1163. He probably did not participate in the election of Antipope Paschal III on April 22, 1164. He adhered himself to Antipopes Paschal III and Callistus III and subscribed their bulls issued between April 13, 1166 and August 6, 1167; and April 15, 1172 and April 26, 1173.

Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Brixius, Johannes Matthias. Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130-1181. Berlin : R. Trenkel, 1912, p. 68, no. 5; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1928. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 150; Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab conditio Ecclesia. Ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1956. 2 v. Reprint. Originally published : Lipsiae : Veit et comp., 1885-1888. Original t.p. included : Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita ecclesia : ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Editionem secundam correctam et auctam edidit Philippus Jaffè ; auspiciis Gulielmi Wattenbach; curaverunt S. Loewenfeld, F. Kaltenbrunner, P. Ewald, II, 418, 426 and 429.

(18) 8. LANFREDO (?-ca. 1168)

Birth. (No date or place found).

Education. (No information found).

Cardinalate. Created pseudocardinal deacon of S. Maria Nuova. He adhered himself to Antipope Victor IV and subscribed bulls issued on April 14 and 18, 1164. Participated in the election of Antipope Paschal III on April 22, 1164. Subscribed bulls issued between April 13, 1166 and August 6, 1167.

Death. Ca. 1168, (no place found). Buried (no information found).

Bibliography. Brixius, Johannes Matthias. Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130-1181. Berlin : R. Trenkel, 1912, p. 69, no. 3; "Essai de liste générale des cardinaux. Les cardinaux du XIIè siècle". Annuaire Pontifical Catholique 1928. Paris : Maison de la Bonne Presse, 1928, p. 150; Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab conditio Ecclesia. Ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1956. 2 v. Reprint. Originally published : Lipsiae : Veit et comp., 1885-1888. Original t.p. included : Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita ecclesia : ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. Editionem secundam correctam et auctam edidit Philippus Jaffè ; auspiciis Gulielmi Wattenbach; curaverunt S. Loewenfeld, F. Kaltenbrunner, P. Ewald, II, 426.