Outline - Tropical Rivers

PP SLIDE - river traits:

1. flow is unidirectional; downstream reaches are influenced by upstream reaches

2. running waters are linear and occupy small portion of the watershed.

3. channel substrata and morphology are dynamic; they are unstable and undergo constant change

4. much of organic matter is allochthonous, especially in low-order streams

5. spatial and temporal heterogeneity are high

6. high variablity of biotic and abiotic characteristics in streams and rivers

7. biota are adapated to flowing water conditions.

PP SLIDE - watershed cartoon: http://www.waterquest.ca/images/watershed_diagram300.jpg

PP SLIDE - river shape as function of age: geolor.com/.../old-age-river-cross-section.jpg

PP SLIDE - straight & meandering river: www.mongabay.com/.../Aerial_1030_5176.JPG;

http://www.art.net/~stina/Influences/FiguresInfluences/Lines/StraightRiver.jpg

PP SLIDE - braided & anastomosing river: www.terragalleria.com/.../dena1553.jpeg

http://www.geo.uu.nl/fg/palaeogeography/pictures/results_avulsions/02_Anastomoserend.jpg

PP SLIDE - Nile delta from space: http://www.weru.ksu.edu/pics/nasa/10073298.jpg

PP SLIDE - Nile delta from space: http://www.jcsm.org/SpacePics/NigerRiverDelta.jpg

PP SLIDE - Amazon estuary: http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/HPDOCS/misr/misr_images/amazon_mouth.jpg

PP SLIDE - River data

PP SLIDE - stream ordering scheme: http://www.petillant.com/IMG/gif/HortonStrahler.gif

PP SLIDE - river drainage patterns: http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/5-484/fig2-27.gif

PP SLIDE - cartoon of water table: http://techalive.mtu.edu/meec/module06/images/Infiltration.jpg

PP SLIDE - measuring discharge: http://ny.water.usgs.gov/pubs/posters/streamgagingposter.xsection.jpg

PP SLIDE - hydrograph for a river - annual cycle: http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/1282/1313153/hydrograph.jpg

PP SLIDE - hydrograph for flood stage

http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/bitesize/higher/img/geography/physical/hydrosphere/hydro_01hydrograph.gif

PP SLIDE - 100 year flood - Georgetown, Guyana, January 2005

PP SLIDE - Amazon floodplain forest, July 2003

PP SLIDE - River Continuum Concept; http://www.esf.edu/efb/schulz/Limnology/RCC.jpg

PP SLIDE - Amazon River, upstream from Manaus, July 2003

PP SLIDE - Amazon Basin, http://www.mbarron.net/Amazon/gallery.htm

PP SLIDE - Amazon tributaries; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Basin

PP SLIDE - Rio Apurimac, Peru, August 2003.

PP SLIDE - Amazon in flood; http://www.mbarron.net/Amazon/factfile.htm

PP SLIDE - Meeting of waters; eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/.../amazon_river.jpg

PP SLIDE - River types in Amazon:

PP SLIDE - Oxbow Lake- http://www.muller.lbl.gov/travel_photos/AmazonWebPages/AmazonWebPages-Images/1.jpg

PP SLIDE - Várzea lagoon; http://www.amazonwatch.org/images/EC/ocp/EC_panacocha1.jpg

PP SLIDE - Amazonian floodplain; http://earth.esa.int/riverandlake/images/amazon_river_ACE_highres_r.jpg